A cadence is the process of moving from one chord to another cord. They usually happens at the end of a phrase or chord progression.

A full cadence gives you the "fullest possible resolution". Usually V -> I or V -> i We usually add notes like V7 or G7 so we can have more leading tones.

Leading tones are one half step away from the next chord. So G7 -> I has the leading tones B and F, since they are one half step away from C and E.

A good resolution will have at least one leading tone and at least one common tone (a shared note).

In classical music, they called this a perfect authentic cadences, because the root note would move a fifth interval down (G to C)

If I inverted the notes of one chord, you might want to also invert the other. This is because voice leading can change how connected chords sound to each other.