After raiding NovaLiminal, I mentioned that the game might crash a lot on Linux due to an X11 bug. She mentioned that downgrading libx11 to 1.8.2-1 fixed the issue for her.

Surely enough, even though I had read it before, I missed a key line in Rémi's comment for xorg/lib/libx11#199:

Every version since 1.8.3 seems to have exposed new random threading related crashes.

So, downgrading to a version before 1.8.3 should fix the issue. This can be done on arch linux using the downgrade script.